Myopia

Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a refractive error of the eye that affects a person’s ability to see distant objects clearly. It occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea (the clear front cover of the eye) is too curved. As a result, light rays focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, causing distant objects to appear blurry while close objects can be seen clearly.

Causes: Myopia can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Children with one or both parents having myopia are more likely to develop it. Excessive close-up activities such as reading, using computers, or handheld devices for extended periods, especially during childhood, can also contribute to its development.

Symptoms: Common signs of myopia include difficulty seeing distant objects clearly, squinting, headaches or eye strain, and needing to sit closer to the TV or whiteboard at school to see clearly.

Diagnosis: Myopia is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. This typically involves testing visual acuity and measuring refractive error using a phoropter or autorefractor.

Treatment Options:

  • Eyeglasses: Prescription glasses with lenses that correct the refractive error by bending light rays to focus correctly on the retina.
  • Contact Lenses: Provide clear vision without the need for glasses, available in various types including soft, rigid gas permeable, and specialty lenses for specific needs.
  • Refractive Surgery: Options like LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) or PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) reshape the cornea to improve focusing ability.

Management: Regular eye exams are crucial to monitor changes in vision and adjust prescriptions as needed. Encouraging outdoor activities and breaks from close-up tasks can also help manage myopia progression, especially in children.