What Are Corneal Ulcers and How Do They Affect Your Vision?

What Are Corneal Ulcers?

Corneal ulcers are open sores that form on the clear front part of your eye, called the cornea. This condition can cause pain, redness, and vision problems. In the United States, corneal ulcers are a common reason for emergency eye visits. Because the cornea protects your eye, any damage can lead to serious problems. Early treatment for corneal ulcers is important to prevent lasting vision loss.

Symptoms of Corneal Ulcers

Corneal ulcer symptoms can appear quickly. If you notice any of these signs, you should seek help right away. Early care can protect your vision. Common symptoms include:

Eye redness or swelling

Severe eye pain or soreness

Feeling like something is in your eye

Blurred or decreased vision

Watery eyes or discharge

Sensitivity to light

White or gray spot on the cornea

Sometimes, symptoms may be mild at first. However, they can get worse quickly if not treated.

Causes and Risk Factors

Corneal ulcers often result from infections. However, other factors can also increase your risk. Understanding these causes can help you prevent problems. Main causes and risk factors include:

Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections

Eye injuries or scratches

Wearing contact lenses, especially overnight

Dry eyes or eyelid problems

Exposure to chemicals or foreign objects

Weakened immune system

For example, people who wear contact lenses have a higher risk. But anyone can develop corneal ulcers if the eye is injured or infected.

Diagnosis of Corneal Ulcers

Doctors use several steps to diagnose corneal ulcers. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they examine your eye with a special microscope called a slit lamp. This tool helps them see the ulcer clearly. Sometimes, doctors use a dye to highlight the sore. In some cases, they may take a small sample from the ulcer to find the cause. Quick diagnosis helps guide the right treatment for corneal ulcers.

Treatment Options

Treatment for corneal ulcers depends on the cause. However, early care is always important. Your doctor may recommend:

Antibiotic, antiviral, or antifungal eye drops

Pain-relief drops or oral medicine

Stopping contact lens use until healed

Eye patching in some cases

Follow-up visits to check healing

In rare cases, if the ulcer is severe, surgery may be needed. For example, a corneal transplant can restore vision if the damage is deep. According to the CDC, most people recover well with prompt treatment.

Prevention Tips

Preventing corneal ulcers is possible with good eye care. Here are some simple tips to lower your risk:

Wash your hands before touching your eyes or contact lenses

Clean and store contact lenses as directed

Never sleep in contact lenses unless your doctor says it is safe

Avoid rubbing your eyes, especially with dirty hands

Wear protective eyewear during sports or risky activities

See an eye doctor if you have eye pain, redness, or injury

By following these steps, you can help prevent corneal ulcers and protect your vision.

When to See an Eye Specialist

If you notice symptoms of a corneal ulcer, do not wait. Early treatment can prevent serious problems. You should see an eye specialist if you have:

Severe eye pain or redness

Sudden vision changes

White or gray spot on your eye

Eye injury or contact lens problems

Remember, quick care can save your sight. If you are unsure, it is always better to get checked.

If you notice symptoms of a corneal ulcer, consult an eye specialist promptly for personalized care.